Genome duplications refer to the occurrence of whole genome duplications, where an organism's entire set of chromosomes is duplicated. This can happen through various processes such as polyploidy, which leads to multiple copies of the genome within a single organism's cells. Genome duplications have been found to play a significant role in evolutionary processes, as they can provide genetic material for the emergence of new traits and functions. Studying genome duplications can help researchers understand the mechanisms behind genetic diversity and adaptation in various species.